Introduction to Electrotherapy Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which statement best describes sensory adaptation during electrotherapy?
• The walk aid's stimulation aims to produce which gait outcome?
• Compared to monophasic currents, biphasic currents are generally more safe because they are charge-balanced?
• Which setting can be used to strengthen healthy muscles?
• When does polarity matter?
• Which muscles showed improvements with e-stim according to the reported material?
• What cautions are there when using HVPC near open wounds or lesions?
• Duty cycle is defined as:
• Compare proximal and distal electrode placement strategies for pain management.
• For strength settings, which is the typical on:off ratio?
• Which unit represents pulses per second?
• In spinal cord injury, innervated muscle stimulation may be used for cardiorespiratory training. Which option best represents this use?
• What are typical indications for NMES in rehabilitation?
• Which term is used for a waveform with exactly three phases?
• NMES with or without voluntary exercise causes ______________ than voluntary exercise alone.
• Pulse duration for re-ed?
• Which property of monophasic currents may cause polarization and skin irritation?
• Using a larger electrode tends to do what regarding current density and comfort?
• For generating a motor response, the stimulation frequency is typically
• FES on the peroneal nerve in stroke patients with drop foot has been reported to cause which outcome?
• Stimulus frequency (rate) is defined as:
• Beat frequency in IFC is defined as which of the following?
• Rheobase is defined as:
• Which statement correctly describes direct current compared to alternating current?
• How should electrode placement be adjusted for a patient with neuropathic pain to maximize benefit?
• To increase the strength of a stimulation, which parameter should not be increased?
• Which current modality is typically used for iontophoresis?
• A pulsed current is defined as which?
• Explain muscle firing for stimulated contraction?
• Which is a precaution involving damaged skin or open areas?
• Why is polarity important in HVPC for wound healing?
• Duty cycle for a treatment with 10 ms on and 50 ms off is calculated as:
• In acute demyelination, what happens to the length constant?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for E-stim in the cranial region?
• What special considerations are needed when using electrotherapy on a patient with diabetes?
• Settings for re-ed?
• Type 2 nerve injury is characterized by what?
• What is the effect of increasing electrode size on current density at the tissue interface?
• How should you progress from sensory to motor stimulation safely?
• What is the typical pulse duration range used for strength settings?
• Which safety checks should be performed before a session?
• For CP e-stim, which pair of muscles were reported to improve?
• Frequency for re-ed?
• Which statement describes an adverse event during electrotherapy and its appropriate management?
• Which sensors are used by the walk aid to time stimulation?
• Which statement about impedance and dose is true?
• What is the recommended method to locate motor points for NMES electrode placement?
• Which is a potential consequence of improper electrode placement during electrotherapy?
• Distinguish between continuous and pulsed currents regarding tissue response and safety.
• What is the gastrocnemius muscle part of?
• Which statement best differentiates sensory-level TENS from motor-level NMES in mechanism and typical use?
• Interpulse interval is defined as:
• Describe electrode placement strategies for TENS versus NMES.
• What is the primary functional goal of functional electrical stimulation for CP as described?
• What is the primary purpose of NMES in preventing muscle atrophy during immobilization?
• What is a therapeutic effect of functional electrical stimulation?
• The walk aid stimulates which nerve?
• If the electrical stimulation is painful but no adequate response is achieved, which adjustment should be made?
• In bracing or functional electrical stimulation (FES) settings, which describes the on:off duty cycle?
• If the intensity is at maximum but contractions are insufficient, which adjustment should be made?
• What is a bipolar setup?
• Which statement about IFC electrode configuration is true?
• NMES causes improvement in strength as well as:
• Do electrode leads or polarity matter for producing a motor response?
• What principle should you follow when using NMES to strengthen muscle?
• Polarity is best described as:
• Which tissues can electrical stimulation be used to aid tissue healing?
• What electrode size is typically more comfortable for the patient?
• The walk aid's timing of stimulation is synchronized with which part of gait to lift the foot?
• Which waveform is used to generate a motor response?
• Which statement best describes monopolar electrode arrangement?
• Which statement best describes the orthotic effect of functional electrical stimulation?
• Balance of charge implies
• Type 3 nerve injury is characterized by what?
• Stimulus on/off time describes:
• What is ramp time and why is it important for patient comfort?
• What are the current types?
• What is the basic concept of electrical current?
• Which unit represents bursts per second?
• Which statement correctly describes Ohm's Law as it applies to electrotherapy?
• Impedance represents tissue resistance and reactance; high impedance reduces current flow at a set voltage and influences dose and electrode contact quality.
• What is the ramp time for strengthening?
• The overall electrical strength delivered to the patient is determined by:
• Amplitude in a waveform describes what?
• In a monopolar setup, which electrode is typically the active one?
• HVPC is an example of which waveform category?
• Electrical stimulation can target which types of muscle?
• Which statement about electrode size and placement is correct for NMES re-education?
• Electrical stimulation influences which nerve pathways?
• What is the recommended approach to amplitude dosing to respect patient tolerance and safety?
• During electrotherapy, which sign should prompt re-evaluation of placement and parameters?
• If a waveform has a single phase, the phase duration is
• Which unit represents cycles per second?
• Which statement best describes balance of charge?
• What supplies the electrical energy that allows current to flow?
• Which setting is typical for acute pain when using TENS?
• Which is safer and preferred: constant current or constant voltage?
• What must we do to voluntarily activate the other type of motor units?
• How should the skin and electrodes be prepared for optimal conduction?
• What best defines electrical stimulation dosage?
• Which pairing correctly identifies a waveform category and an example modality for that category?
• Where should the electrode be placed to generate a motor response?
• Amplitude setting for re-ed?
• In the Russian NMES protocol, what are the typical carrier frequency and burst frequency?
• What is the modulated frequency?
• Which scenario indicates intolerance during ramp up of stimulation?
• Which term describes a waveform that has more than two phases within a burst?
• What waveform do most machines use?
• Direct current (DC) is defined as?
• Stimulation of denervated muscle is used for which purpose?
• Is it true that reinnervation after axonal injury depends on many factors?
• Which item is NOT typically documented after an electrotherapy session?
• Conventional current flow direction is from positive to negative. Which option states this?
• In the context of FES function and cortex effects, which outcome has been reported?
• Explain muscle firing for voluntary contraction?
• What is carrier frequency in electrical stimulation equipment?
• Which statement is true about modulated frequency ranges?
• How do electrode size and spacing influence current density and treatment outcomes?
• Which is a primary use of E-stim to generate a motor response?
• Which of the following is the intended use of Russian current?
• In active range-of-motion (AROM) stimulation, what is the typical on:off ratio?
• In motor stimulation, electrode size should be chosen based on the size of the targeted muscle.
• In distinguishing pre-modulated current from interference current therapy (IFC), which statement is correct?
• What is a typical Russian NMES protocol used to produce a strong tetanic contraction in large muscles?
• The tibialis anterior muscle is mainly involved in which movement during gait?
• In electrotherapy, the order in which a stimulus is felt from first to last is:
• Iontophoresis is used for which purpose?
• What can electrodes be made of?
• Electrical stimulation can be used for edema control. True or False?
• In functional electrical stimulation for cerebral palsy, what pattern of calf muscle improvement is reported?
• Anode is the positive electrode and attracts negative charges. Which option reflects this statement?
• Which metric is typically used to assess progress during an electrotherapy course?
• Which statement best describes the Russian current?
• Which of the following is a recognized stimulation type used for pain control?
• Which statement is NOT a recommended safety consideration when treating a patient with an implanted device?
• Immediate improvements on the calf muscle with e-stim:
• What documentation elements are essential after an electrotherapy session?
• Duty cycle is defined as which of the following?
• High-Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) is characterized by which of the following?
• If the stimulation is too painful, which parameter should you adjust?
• When electrodes are placed close together, the stimulation generally feels more:
• Which statement accurately describes beat frequency in tissue for interference current therapy (IFC)?
• Which list includes the four primary parameters of pulsed electrical stimulation?
• What is the interval between one pulse and the next?
• Which term describes the strength or intensity, expressed in volts or milliamps?
• Which category corresponds to micro-current stimulation?
• Which waveform is typically used for wound care?
• Why is verifying impedance within an acceptable range important before stimulation?
• A quadripolar electrical stimulation setup uses how many pads?
• For eliciting a motor contraction, where should the electrodes be placed?
• What parameter detail is essential to document for reproducibility across sessions?
• In neurotmesis, what is a possible effect of applying electrical stimulation?
• Which modalities are commonly used for wound healing with electrotherapy and why?
• Cathode is negative: what does it attract?
• How does current flow in a circuit?
• Which statement about current modes and safety is true?
• How does polarity influence tissue healing in HVPC therapy?
• Known peripheral vascular disease is a contraindication for E-stim.
• What is the size principle?
• What is the role of NMES in Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)?
• During demyelination, what happens to the density of sodium channels at the inter-nodal membrane?
• Interferential current is characterized by which feature?
• Which statement best describes how FES addresses drop foot gait?
• What is beat frequency in IFC and how is it produced?
• What does modulation mean in TENS/NMES and why is it used?
• Which EMG finding is associated with denervation?
• Why perform impedance checks before electrotherapy?
• A pulse in electrotherapy is defined as which?
• Is high frequency stimulation generally more comfortable?
• Why should charges be balanced in electrotherapy treatments?
• A motor point is best defined as:
• If the distance between the electrodes is far apart, the stimulation tends to be:
• The walk aid aims to promote walking that is more natural and safe by:
• For stimulation targeting a muscle, where should electrodes be placed?
• What determines how much energy is delivered into the body?
• What is the typical use of sensory-level TENS in pain management?
• Which statement correctly describes monophasic current?
• What common documentation mistakes should be avoided in electrotherapy practice?
• Chronaxie is defined as the minimum stimulus duration, using twice the rheobase, that produces the same minimum visible contraction.
• Which combination of effects can electrical stimulation have on edema?
• Why is proper electrode placement important in NMES therapy?
• Which TENS settings are typical for chronic pain?
• Which waveform category is NOT typically used for NMES?
• Bleeding or hemorrhagic areas are contraindicated for E-stim because stimulation may increase bleeding. Which area is contraindicated?
• Cathode is the negative electrode and attracts positive charges. Which option reflects this statement?
• How would you explain TENS analgesia to a patient in plain terms?
• Interpulse interval is defined as the interval between which events?
• What is a muscle made up of?
• Which approach improves patient comfort during electrotherapy?
• Stimulus duration is:
• After axonal degeneration, what happens to motor units?
• What is frequency?
• How is the duty cycle calculated and why is it clinically important?
• Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to electrotherapy?
• When there is only one phase, phase duration equals the
• Which description matches axonotmesis (Type 2 nerve injury)?
• Anode is positive: what does it attract?
• Which of the following is an ethical and regulatory consideration in electrotherapy practice?
• In a bipolar setup, the two electrodes are typically of what size?
• Regarding reinnervation after axonal degeneration, which statement is true?
• What is a monopolar setup?
• For FES aimed at improving hemiplegic hand function, what outcome has been reported?
• In settings intended to increase muscle strength with electrical stimulation, which waveform is used?
• Interferential Current therapy (IFC) uses two medium-frequency currents that intersect within tissue to produce a low-frequency beat. How is it delivered to target depth?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed number of phases?
• Which parameter defines pulses per second?
• What should be considered when selecting electrode location?
• Pulsed current is defined as?
• On:off ratio for NMES re-ed?
• Which populations require special caution with electrotherapy and why?
• How should functional electrical stimulation be used in neuropraxia?
• Which statement best differentiates direct current (DC) from pulsed current in electrotherapy and its clinical implications?
• What happens when an external electrical current enters through the skin?
• Which area is contraindicated for E-stim in patients with demand-type pacemakers or ICDs?
• Alternating current is characterized by which description?
• In electrical stimulation, which term refers to the duration of a single pulse?
• Which parameter ranges define conventional TENS?
• For hand-focused FES training, what long-term effect has been reported?
• Waveform symmetry refers to whether the waveform is balanced on both sides of the line.
• Outline a basic HVPC wound healing protocol including polarity and duration considerations.
• Which NOT listed as a current shape?
• When does polarity not matter?
• Stimulus frequency is measured in:
• What are the units for frequency?
• What is the correct description of a Type 1 nerve injury?
• Why is home-use safety education important for electrotherapy devices?
• Stimulus amplitude refers to:
• Regarding CP and e-stim, which muscles showed improvement?
• If impedance readings are high during setup, what should you do?
• Which statement is NOT part of the recovery process from neuropraxia due to demyelination?
• In axonotmesis, what is the effect of applying electrical stimulation?
• Overall, functional electrical stimulation in CP is described as:
• Which category corresponds to stimulating the sensory fibers to produce a sensory response?
• What is the described function of the walk aid?
• If adverse skin reaction occurs during electrotherapy, what is the appropriate action?
• How can you ensure consistency of electrotherapy across multiple sessions?
• After FES treatment, which cortical change is reported?
• What electrode size recruits more current under stimulation?
• In interferential current therapy, a typical electrode arrangement involves how many pads and what pattern?
• Which signs indicate poor electrode contact or high impedance during NMES treatment?